उदीयमान तकनीकों की सूची
उदीयमान तकनीकों की सूची
| इस सूची को अंग्रेजी से हिन्दी में अनूदित करने की आवश्यकता है। यह सूची अंग्रेजी में लिखा है। यदि यह लेख अंग्रेजी भाषा के समुदाय के लिए बनाया गया है, इसका योगदान अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया में किया जाना चाहिए। विकिपीडियाओं की सूची देखें। |
नीचे कुछ उदीयमान प्रौद्योगिकी (Emerging technology) की सूची दी गयी है। उदीयमान तकनीकें, नवीन तकनीकें होती हैं; इनमें तकनीकी जगत में उथल-पुथल मचाने की क्षमता (disruptive technologies) होती है - ये पहले से जड़ जमायी तकनीकों को पिछाड सकती हैं। उदाहरण के लिये सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी ऐसी ही एक तकनीकी है जो पहले ही उथल-पुथल कर चुकी है। इसी प्रकार कृत्रिम बुद्धि जो कि सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी के अन्दर ही आती है, इसमें भी उथल-पुथल करने की प्रबल क्षमता है।
| उद्दियमान तकनीकें | वर्तमान स्थिति | पिछाडी गयी तकनीकें | उपयोग | प्रमुख कमियाँ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| कृत्रिम बुद्धि | Theory and experiments | Human Brain | Creation of intelligent devices | Economic dislocation |
| अनुबांशिक प्रौद्योगिकी / शंश्लेषण जीव विज्ञान (Synthetic biology) | Diffusion | Evolution | Creation and modification of species | Human-made disease |
| Bio fuels | Diffusion | Fossil fuels | Energy source, particularly for transportation | Raises food prices when utilizing food crop feedstock |
| Electric cars | Small scale production and prototypes | Internal combustion engine automobiles | Greener transportation | |
| Anti-aging drugs: resveratrol | Animal testing; Theory | Existing treatments for age-related diseases | Life extension | Overpopulation |
| Nootropics: Piracetam, Pregnenolone | Human trials | Drugs that improve memory or cognition in healthy or aged populations. | Nootropics | Side effects, dependency, abuse |
| Virtual retinal display | Working prototypes | VR headsets, displays | Augmented reality, virtual reality | |
| Personal rapid transit | Working prototypes (and models) | Conventional rail/bus public transport | Greener transportation | |
| Solid-state drive | Diffusion | Hard disk drive | Smaller, faster, quieter, lower power consuming storage | |
| Memristor | Working prototype | Some current integrated circuits, many other electronics devices | Smaller, faster, lower power consuming storage, analogue electronics, Artificial intelligence | |
| Optical computing | Theory and experiments - some components of integrated circuits have been developed | Many integrated circuits and other electronics devices | Smaller, faster, lower power consuming computing | |
| Nanomaterials: carbon nanotubes | Diffusion and Theory and experiments | Structural steel and aluminium | Stronger, lighter, and more intelligent materials | Nanoparticles' health risks |
| Molecular nanotechnology | Theory and experiments | Small products and parts production & retail | Desktop devices that can make anything given the materials | Economic dislocation |
| CVD production of diamonds | Kevlar, Glass, Metal heatsinks | Hardest and most thermally conductive material known | ||
| Scramjet | Working Mach 10 Prototype | Jet engines, Rocket engines | Very fast air travel | Noise pollution, greenhouse gases |
| Wireless communication | Diffusion | Wired communication | Ubiquitous network connectivity | |
| 3D printing | In Commercial Production | Manual creation of prototypes and also some mass production methods that lack the ability for customization | Rapid prototyping and production of not only plastic objects but multi-material items, with the potential to significantly customize products for individual consumers | |
| Semantic Web or Answers Machine | Search engines | Making the web machine-readable by linking data on the web based on its meaning | ||
| OLED | Diffusion | LCD and plasma displays | Displays and screens of various kinds | |
| Machine translation | Human translation of natural languages, in areas where misunderstanding is non-critical and language is formalized | Easier cross-cultural communication | Loss of translation jobs for humans [Cn] | |
| Machine augmented cognition | Diffusion of primitive amplifications; working prototypes of more; theory and experiments on more substantial amplification | |||
| Nuclear fusion power | Theory and experiments | Fossil fuels, hydroelectricity, nuclear fission power | Electric power generation | |
| 3D optical data storage or Holographic data storage | Prototyping and research | All other optical data storage solutions, magnetic tape data storage, and other mass storage devices. | Storage and archiving of data that was previously erased for economic reasons | |
| Spintronics | Working prototypes | Mechanical magnetic hard disk drives | Data storage | |
| Metamaterials | Diffusion | Classical optics | Microscopes, cameras, cloaking devices | |
| High-temperature superconductivity | Working prototypes in dry ice; theory and experiments for higher temperatures | Copper wire | No loss conductors, frictionless bearings, magnetic levitation | |
| 3D displays | Theory and experiments | CRT, LCD, and other display technologies | Television, Computer interfaces, cinemas | |
| PAVs | Commercial production | High fuel costs | ||
| Quantum computing | Theory and experiments | Electronic computing, optical computing | Much faster computing, for certain kinds of problems | |
| Hydrogen economy | Diffusion (of hydrogen fuel cells); Theory and experiments for less expensive production of hydrogen | Other technologies for storing energy (conventional batteries, fossil fuels) | Green storage of energy | |
| Nanowire battery | Working prototypes | Other technologies for storing energy (hydrogen, conventional batteries and in some cases fossil fuels) | Laptops, cell phones and long-range electric cars. Storing power for electric grid | |
| Reliable Global Navigation Satellite System | System currently being produced | Various custom built systems | Mission critical navigation | |
| WiTricity | Working prototypes | Electrical cables | Wireless energy transfer | |
| Vitrification or Cryoprotectant | Theory and some experiments | Ischemic Damages | Organ transplant | |
| Non-rocket spacelaunch | Theory and some experiments | Rocket | ||
| Holography | ||||
| Thermal copper pillar bump | Working prototypes in discrete devices | Conventional thermal solutions, heat sinks, bulk thermoelectrics | Electric circuit cooling; micro-fluidic actuators; small-device thermoelectric power generation |